포 소화약제의 종류 (Foam System)

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포 소화약제의 종류 (Foam System)

 

3.1 팽창비 (Expansion Ratio)

1. Low-expansion foam — expansion up to 20
2. Medium-expansion foam — expansion from 20 to 200
3. High-expansion foam — expansion from 200 to approximately 1000

NFPA 11 5.1* Types of Hazards. This chapter shall cover design information for the use of low-expansion foam to protect outdoor storage tanks, interior flammable liquid hazards, loading racks, diked areas, and nondiked spill areas.

석유화학 플랜트의 경우 대부분이 Low expansion foam을 사용한다.

High-Expansion foam과 Medium Expansion Foam 사용 목적은 NFPA11 Annex C를 참고할 것.

 

3.2 소화약제의 종류 (Foam Concentrate)

NFPA 11. 3.3.12 Foam Concentrate. A concentrated liquid foaming gent as received from the manufacturer.

3.3.12.1* Alcohol-Resistant Foam Concentrate. A concentrate used for fighting fires on water-soluble materials and other fuels destructive to regular, AFFF, or FFFP foams, as well as for fires involving hydrocarbons.

 

알코올포

• 주성분 : 천연단백질분해물 (합성계면활성제) + 기포안정제(지방산 복염)
• 소화특성 : ㉠수용성 위험물 화재에 적합
• 사용농도 : 6%
• 방호대상 : 수용성위험물 (알코올, 케톤, 에스테르)

3.3.12.2* Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Concentrate (AFFF). A concentrate based on fluorinated surfactants plus foam stabilizers to produce a fluid aqueous film for suppressing hydrocarbon fuel vapors and usually diluted with water to a 1 percent, 3 percent, or 6 percent solution.

 

수성막(형성) 포 (light water, AFFF)

• 주성분 : 불소계습윤제+기포안정제
• 소화특성 : ㉠포소화약제 중 소화력 가장우수 ㉡화학적으로 안정하여 보존성 좋다 ㉢대형화재 및 1000℃이상에 표면막 생성 소화곤란
• 사용농도 : 6%
• 방호대상 : 석유류 화재 석유화학공장

3.3.12.3* Film-Forming Fluoroprotein Foam Concentrate (FFFP). A protein-foam concentrate that uses fluorinated surfactants to produce a fluid aqueous film for suppressing hydrocarbon fuel vapors.

 

막형성 불화 단백포

• 주성분 : 단백포 + 불소계면활성제(미량)
• 소화특성 : ㉠수성막포와 단백포의 결점인 열안정성 증대 ㉡표면하주입방식에 적합
• 사용농도 : 3%, 6%
• 방호대상 : 석유류 화재, 석유화학공장

3.3.12.4 Film-Forming Foam. A concentrate that when mixed at its nominal use concentration will form an aqueous film on hydrocarbon fuels. The hydrocarbon fuel typically used as a minimum benchmark for film formation is cyclohexane.

3.3.12.5* Fluoroprotein Foam Concentrate. A concentrate very similar to protein-foam concentrate but with a synthetic fluorinated surfactant additive.

3.3.12.6* Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Concentrate. A concentrate, usually derived from hydrocarbon surfactants, used in specially designed equipment to produce foams having foam-to-solution volume ratios of 20:1 to approximately 1000:1.

 

불화단백포 (FPF)

3.3.12.7* Protein Foam Concentrate. Concentrate consisting primarily of products from a protein hydrolysate, plus stabilizing additives and inhibitors to protect against freezing, to prevent corrosion of equipment and containers, to resist bacterial decomposition, to control viscosity, and to otherwise ensure readiness for use under emergency conditions.

 

단백포 (PF)

• 주성분 : 동식물가수분해 단백질 + 기포안정제 (FeSO4, FeCl2) (계면활성제, 샤포닝)
• 소화특성 : ㉠포유동성이 작다 ㉡소화속도 느림 ㉢포안정성 높다 ㉣재연방지효과 우수
• 사용농도 : 3%, 6%

3.3.12.8 Synthetic Foam Concentrate. Concentrate based on foaming agents other than hydrolyzed proteins and including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrates, medium- and high-expansion foam concentrates, and other synthetic foam concentrates.

 

합성계면 활성제포

• 주성분 : 계면활성제 + 기포안정제
• 소화특성 : ㉠포유동성이 좋다 ㉡내유성 약하다 ㉢포가 빨리 소멸됨 ㉣팽창범위가 넓어 고체, 기체화재에 적당
• 사용농도 : 1%(고발포용) 1.5%(고발포용) 2%(고발포용) 3%(저발포용) 6%(저발포용)
• 방호대상 : 가스화재 위험물저장소 차고 주차장 석유화학공장

3.3.12.8.1* Other Synthetic Foam Concentrate. A concentrate based on hydrocarbon surface active agents and listed as a wetting agent, foaming agent, or both.

 

 

Foam Concentrate에 대한 자세한 spec은 해당 manufacturer의 data sheet 및 catalogue를 참고한다.

• National Foam
• Angus Fire
• Chemguard